![]() ![]() Here is where several chapters analyze the most appalling illustrations of bad practice. “The second part of the text focuses on ‘Historical, Cultural and Psychological Issues.’ ‘History of Fad, Pseudoscientific, and Dubious Treatments in Intellectual Disabilities’, provides a captivating overview of the history of questionable treatments and key components of sound research methodology. For example, the use of hyperbaric chambers, removal of purported heavy metals from the body (chelation), holding therapy, auditory integration therapy, secretin injections, wrapping in cold wet sheets, craniosacral therapy, cannabis, dolphin-assisted therapy, art therapy, music therapy, pet facilitated therapy, camel milk, and various dietary regimes. įorged by desperation, intuition, or cynical exploitation, non-evidence based treatments have proliferated. ![]() A qualitative analysis of lay beliefs about the aetiology and prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders. ![]() For a list of 43 mooted environmental causes, see Russell, Kelly, and Golding (2010). Other proposed causes have included television, power lines, nuclear power stations, mobile phone towers, sex position during conception, food allergies, air pollution, and environmental toxins. Since then, there have been many unproven assertions about its cause, such as mercury poisoning purportedly from MMR vaccinations asserted by now disgraced anti-vaxxer and physician Andrew Wakefield. Intuition, rather than evidence, produced this outrageous proposition, yet, such was the influence of the psychoanalytic interpretations of human behaviour that this view remained influential for many years. As to causation, Bruno Bettelheim claimed that maternal “coldness” was the cause of ASD. From the 1940s, Asperger took a particular interest in the higher functioning individuals with autism, while Kanner’s work focussed upon the more severely affected. Interest in autism spectrum disorder has led us down numerous paths – and some culs de sac.Įugen Bleuler in 1908 coined the term autism to describe just one severely withdrawn patient - autós meaning self in the Greek language - implying an inward focus that is reflected in difficulties with social interaction. Dr Kerry Hempenstall, Senior Industry Fellow, School of Education, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.Įach of my articles is available as a PDF at ![]()
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